PROBLEM STATEMENT

Fresh water is a scarce resource especially in Kenya. Many large organizations waste the resource because they are able to access the it and they are also able to pay for it while there are some needy people who cannot access clean drinking water. An organization like UN for example waste fresh water in their day-to-day activities for example
The urinals run 24 hours hence much water is wasted and there is some cost attributed to it. The cisterns in the toilets have different volumes of water; some have up to 9litres while some have only 5 litres. The above two areas have been identified to consume a lot of water. other areas that the reduction of water need to be considered include; irrigation of the grass that is done during the day, lack of meters so that we cant tell exactly how much is used where, rain water harvesting is not given a priority in the complex.

JUSTIFICATION
Fresh water conservation is essential especially in this error where its believed that the third world war will result from the scramble of the resource. If the initiative of conservation begins from an organization that is well known to advocate for environment protection in the whole world (UNEP), other organizations like companies , universities government institutions can take up the challenge to conserve the already available fresh water so that the excess can be used by the community, the excess can even be sold cheaply to the local people. On the other hand , conservation of the resource will lead to reduction in cost hence the saved money can be channeled into other uses.
main objectives
1 Cost benefit analysis for reducing fresh water consumptions in selected blocks
2 To identify potential options for reducing water consumptions.
Specific objectives
1 Study the efficiency of the sewage treatment plant and establish whether the quality of water is good enough to be re-used to flush the toilets

2 If not, identify the appropriate tertiary treatment of the grey water.

Experimental design
Pilot studies will be done to establish the current situation of water management in the complex, these will include the quality and the quantity, and the current cost of water will also be established these will include the cost for the last five years. Previous attempts to reduce cost will also be looked in to.
Block X will be the experimental block; meters will be put at specific areas to establish how much water is used in the toilets, taps, and urinals. A meter will also be put in the old cafeteria to represent the kitchen. the amount that is consumed will be monitored in normal working days and in conference days this will be monitored for two months.
For the urinals three treatments will be given after establishing a control point for block X
a) closing them during the night- first month
b) introducing an automatic urinal that will only release a specific volume of water once its triggered by lets say a person using it.-second month
c) not using the urinals at all the- third month.
Analysis of variance will be carried out for the data got from the above three experiments using F-test to establish whether there is a significant difference in the amount of water used and establish which method reduces consumption in the urinals most. The best two methods will be tried again in the following month after which t-test will be used to establish the best of the two. This will be tried in block X for one month before its extrapolated to the rest of the blocks. Cost benefit analysis will also be done.
For the toilets different volumes will be put in different citerns in different toilets chosen randomly. To know the number of times one has flashed, a container of known volume of water will be used in block X such that after twelve hours the volume of water used can be established, the experiment will run for one month. This will enable one to establish the average amount that could be used for flushing.

For the efficiency of the treatment plant, nested design will be used. Samples will be collected at the entrance of the oxidation ponds and after treatment. The analysis for corliforms especially e-coli will also be done. This is Marjory to confirm if the water can be reused for flushing the toilets without causing any health hazard. Physico-chemical parameters will also be measured. If the water is not of good quality a tertiary treatment made of gravel bed will be designed so that water passes through the pores for further treatment. The water will finally be collected in a tank where chlorination will take place for disinfect ion. This water will be experimented in block X for re-use in the toilets.
Irrigation will be advocated for at night, evening, very early in the morning only in the dry season. In the rainy season the recycled water will purely be used for flushing the toilets. During the dry season the water can be used to irrigate only selected in the compound not all.
For long-term benefits rain water harvesting will be recommended as a long term measure to reduce fresh water consumption.
An overall cost benefit analysis will be done twice after every three months.
The significance of the reduction will be done statistically using F-test after which recommendations will be made.

Kenyan economy has been traditionally based on agriculture. Although during the past decades the growth of industry and tourism has decreased agriculture's dominance, farming activity still accounts for the major part of the country's economy.
Arts, Culture and Music of Kenya
Kenya, as a nation, has a unique way of life of the people in terms of social institutions values, norms, ethics, attire and the various forms of artistic and literacy expression. This way of life constitutes the culture, expressed in the nation's unique artifacts, songs, art, dance, theatre, literature and a variety of other traditions. These cultural values represent the realization of national unit and cohesion as well as the creation of national pride and a sense of identity. Kenyans see and define culture in a dynamic context that embodies responsiveness to the changing social economic physical, political and technological environment.

I write to encourage fellow youths to take up leadership posts existing within their localities. This is because youths are still energetic, has alot of untapped talents and have current ideas on problems affecting the society.

The youths should also engage themselves in politics, because politics and development are intertwined.Kenyan youths should start by seeking Liberal Democratic Party (LDP)in their localities. I my self is Seeking the party location chairmanship so that I get the mandate of the peole to lead them in development of our community.

PFR Concept
The concept of PFR is built on bridging the communication gap that inhibits poor peoples involvement in community development.

The theme of PFR is improving knowledge transfer, dissemination, communication and decision making by the development and cultural adaptation of jargon free manipulative materials, leading to the empowerment of marginalized communities, developing joint action with NGOs and through them with government bodies. It is common knowledge that poverty stricken people are often a wasted resource of common sense, local knowledge, practical skills, intuitive understanding of the way things work on the ground; and that their ability and will to contribute to the regeneration process are frustrated by undue dependence on talk, in which professionals flow of word is difficult to understand, and seldom leaves room for people to convey what needs doing, where, when and how they themselves could take part .PFR concept has proved these materials and techniques are acceptable to difference cultures and requiring comparatively little adjustment to suit each culture.
In regard to poverty reduction strategies, the available resources from goverment, charities and international bodies, are in themselves insufficient to deal adequately with social and economic needs .It therefore requires that poverty stricken people could themselves contribute what they understand, help shape, and substantially own the action plan which draw on their resources to supplement and make more effective the resources coming to them from outside.

The materials are introduced in away that reduces the confrontational elements in traditional relationship. They start to share ideas and experiences, first identifying common ground, gradually working out possibilities for compromise, developing working relationships which help to contain conflict. These processes allow for contributions on a level with anyone else, from ethnic, caste, and gender groups that are normally marginalized. This process can also go along way in changing attitudes of the people and making them use value of themselves. This is an eye- opener as it encourages communities to concentrate on what they are able to do, rather than wasting time dwelling on what they cannot do. These strategies also enable the participants to realize the hidden potential within all of them.
PFR is a toolkit that is intended to organize and mobilize communities to enable them initiate development projects among themselves using available resources within the area. It emphasizes on the use of available materials, skills and opportunities that are unexploited in most communities. It also uses bottom up approach making it a very powerful tool for communities.

Why PFR with Communities
v No technical language used, simply turning talk into action.
v Build confidence of the users
v Planning time is minimized
v A powerful tool for fighting poverty, thus empowering the users
v Consolidates community organizations
v An instrument of people ‘s empowerment as it give them power to take charge.
v Less talking and more work as it allow people who are not good with words to deal on level terms with fluent talkers, notably the majorities of youths, disables and women fall in this bracket.
v It recognizes the facts that the problems normally seem bigger but so are the opportunities.
v It helps to overcome problem to grassroots communities.
v Instills on participants the need to take responsibilities to solving problems, and not wait for outsiders, as it is them who understand the way things work on the ground.

Overview of steps involved
v Skills survey: To help identifying the available resources.
v Opportunity / Activity/ Problem identification that will help the users to gradually identify group of people concerned about particular problem or interested of in following up an opportunity / problem.
v Now- Soon- Later sheets to used to set priorities and sort out the work in hands.
v It is curiosity arouser, attracting people, thereby encouraging their participation.

The toolkit has seen the introduction of school feeding programmes, reached to street children in kisumu Kenya, revived 10 collapsed youth groups and teachers are now using the method in planning their lessons.I have also reached several church leaders with PFR toolkit and response has been very good.

Can anybody help find someone or organisation that can support me to complete my BA Development studies at MS Training Center for Development Cooperation in Tanzania. I need $6,000 only. More details about the course can be sent on request.Stephen Onunga Education Account Bidii savings account number KKIUBSA0081671Post bank Kenya or Nordeabank Denmark A/S Kongens Nytov 28
DK -1050 Copemhagen K
IBAN NO DK05 2000 8420 0484 41
SWIFT:NDEADKKK
Acount No: 2191 8420048441. Please notify me if you make any donations or has any otherassistance.