PROBLEM STATEMENT

Fresh water is a scarce resource especially in Kenya. Many large organizations waste the resource because they are able to access the it and they are also able to pay for it while there are some needy people who cannot access clean drinking water. An organization like UN for example waste fresh water in their day-to-day activities for example
The urinals run 24 hours hence much water is wasted and there is some cost attributed to it. The cisterns in the toilets have different volumes of water; some have up to 9litres while some have only 5 litres. The above two areas have been identified to consume a lot of water. other areas that the reduction of water need to be considered include; irrigation of the grass that is done during the day, lack of meters so that we cant tell exactly how much is used where, rain water harvesting is not given a priority in the complex.

JUSTIFICATION
Fresh water conservation is essential especially in this error where its believed that the third world war will result from the scramble of the resource. If the initiative of conservation begins from an organization that is well known to advocate for environment protection in the whole world (UNEP), other organizations like companies , universities government institutions can take up the challenge to conserve the already available fresh water so that the excess can be used by the community, the excess can even be sold cheaply to the local people. On the other hand , conservation of the resource will lead to reduction in cost hence the saved money can be channeled into other uses.
main objectives
1 Cost benefit analysis for reducing fresh water consumptions in selected blocks
2 To identify potential options for reducing water consumptions.
Specific objectives
1 Study the efficiency of the sewage treatment plant and establish whether the quality of water is good enough to be re-used to flush the toilets

2 If not, identify the appropriate tertiary treatment of the grey water.

Experimental design
Pilot studies will be done to establish the current situation of water management in the complex, these will include the quality and the quantity, and the current cost of water will also be established these will include the cost for the last five years. Previous attempts to reduce cost will also be looked in to.
Block X will be the experimental block; meters will be put at specific areas to establish how much water is used in the toilets, taps, and urinals. A meter will also be put in the old cafeteria to represent the kitchen. the amount that is consumed will be monitored in normal working days and in conference days this will be monitored for two months.
For the urinals three treatments will be given after establishing a control point for block X
a) closing them during the night- first month
b) introducing an automatic urinal that will only release a specific volume of water once its triggered by lets say a person using it.-second month
c) not using the urinals at all the- third month.
Analysis of variance will be carried out for the data got from the above three experiments using F-test to establish whether there is a significant difference in the amount of water used and establish which method reduces consumption in the urinals most. The best two methods will be tried again in the following month after which t-test will be used to establish the best of the two. This will be tried in block X for one month before its extrapolated to the rest of the blocks. Cost benefit analysis will also be done.
For the toilets different volumes will be put in different citerns in different toilets chosen randomly. To know the number of times one has flashed, a container of known volume of water will be used in block X such that after twelve hours the volume of water used can be established, the experiment will run for one month. This will enable one to establish the average amount that could be used for flushing.

For the efficiency of the treatment plant, nested design will be used. Samples will be collected at the entrance of the oxidation ponds and after treatment. The analysis for corliforms especially e-coli will also be done. This is Marjory to confirm if the water can be reused for flushing the toilets without causing any health hazard. Physico-chemical parameters will also be measured. If the water is not of good quality a tertiary treatment made of gravel bed will be designed so that water passes through the pores for further treatment. The water will finally be collected in a tank where chlorination will take place for disinfect ion. This water will be experimented in block X for re-use in the toilets.
Irrigation will be advocated for at night, evening, very early in the morning only in the dry season. In the rainy season the recycled water will purely be used for flushing the toilets. During the dry season the water can be used to irrigate only selected in the compound not all.
For long-term benefits rain water harvesting will be recommended as a long term measure to reduce fresh water consumption.
An overall cost benefit analysis will be done twice after every three months.
The significance of the reduction will be done statistically using F-test after which recommendations will be made.